The diagram ‘Iceberg model of communication’ shows that communication encompasses far more than what is visible. Above the water’s surface lie the factual level, comprising topics, tasks and objectives, as well as rules and processes. Beneath this lie feelings, relationships, expectations, trust and unconscious patterns – these often shape interactions more strongly than the visible content.
This invisible level is particularly crucial in self-managed organisations. If conflicts or tensions are ignored, even good practical solutions often cannot be implemented. That is why differences of opinion are addressed openly and dealt with constructively using appropriate methods such as feedback, active listening or consensus-building.
The iceberg model makes it clear: effective collaboration does not arise solely from professional competence, but above all from trusting relationships and a shared understanding. Those who keep both levels in mind lay the foundation for sound decisions and vibrant self-organisation.
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